publications & Research
Engage with cutting-edge studies that shape impactful development strategies.
Public-Private Partnership: A Macroeconomic Tool for Poverty Reduction in Nigeria
By Ejimonu Nwokodike C., Ph.D. – The Institute for Development Synergy (TIDS) - 11/06/2025
This paper explores how Public-Private Partnerships (PPPs) can serve as a strategic macroeconomic instrument for addressing poverty in Nigeria. Drawing on Keynesian economics and real-world case studies, the author argues that PPPs can bridge infrastructure gaps, create jobs, and improve service delivery. It highlights key challenges—such as weak regulations and political risk—and offers policy recommendations to strengthen PPP frameworks for inclusive development. The publication presents PPPs as a viable path toward sustainable economic growth in Nigeria.
The Science and Art of Leadership: An Exploration into Empirical and Intuitive Dimensions
By Ejimonu Nwokodike C., Ph.D. – The Institute for Development Synergy (TIDS) - 26/08/2025
This paper by Ejimonu Nwokodike of the Institute for Development Synergy examines leadership as both a science grounded in theory, evidence, and structured practice, and an art rooted in intuition, vision, and human connection. It reviews classical and contemporary leadership models—such as trait, behavioural, contingency, transformational, and transactional theories—while also emphasizing the roles of emotional intelligence, creativity, cultural sensitivity, and inspiration in shaping effective leadership. The study argues that true effectiveness emerges not from choosing one dimension over the other but from integrating empirical rigor with artistic sensibility. Using the Nigerian context as a case study, it highlights how governance failures often stem from an imbalance between technical competence and inclusive, imaginative leadership. The paper concludes that sustainable development requires leaders who can combine structure with flexibility, rational analysis with empathy, and evidence-based policymaking with visionary inspiration—qualities essential for navigating Nigeria’s complex socio-political environment and driving transformative national renewal.
PPP AS A DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY: Implications for the Political Economy of Nigeria
By Ejimonu Nwokodike C., Ph.D. – The Institute for Development Synergy (TIDS) - 26/08/2025
This paper by Ejimonu Nwokodike of the Institute for Development Synergy examines Public–Private Partnerships (PPPs) as a development strategy within Nigeria’s political economy. It situates PPPs against the backdrop of huge infrastructure gaps, high public debt, and fiscal constraints, arguing that private capital and expertise are indispensable for sustainable growth. Drawing on sectoral experiences such as the Lekki Deep Sea Port, Azura–Edo IPP, and Lekki–Epe Expressway, the study shows how PPPs can accelerate infrastructure delivery but also expose the state to fiscal, governance, and affordability risks if poorly designed. The paper highlights Nigeria’s maturing PPP framework under the Infrastructure Concession Regulatory Commission (ICRC) and the World Bank–supported disclosure portal, while underscoring challenges around tariff-setting, FX volatility, contingent liabilities, and political interference. It proposes a reform agenda centered on transparent procurement, contract disclosure, fiscal risk management through PFRAM, credible tariff and viability-gap frameworks, and stronger federal–state coordination. The conclusion stresses that while PPPs are not a cure-all, with proper risk allocation, accountability, and social safeguards, they can catalyse investment, enhance service delivery, and contribute to structural transformation without overburdening Nigeria’s public finances.